Toxicological Effects of 2-2, Dichlorovinyl Dimethyl Phosphate on Lipid and Glucose Levels in the Blood of New Zealand White Rabbits by Inhalation Route of Administration

Background: Dichlorvos, a widely used organophosphate pesticide, is known for its acute cholinergic toxicity, but less is understood about its chronic metabolic effects. This study investigated the impact of prolonged dichlorvos exposure on serum glucose and lipid profiles in rabbits, focusing on its potential cardiometabolic implications. Methods: Thirty-six male New Zealand White rabbits were randomly assigned into nine groups (n = 4 per group) comprising oral, inhalation, and control groups for 30, 60, and 90 days. A sublethal dose of dichlorvos (0.05 mg/m³; 10% of LD₅₀) was administered orally or by inhalation daily. Serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were analyzed using standard biochemical methods. Results: FBG was significantly reduced in exposed groups across all durations (p < 0.05). TC, LDL-C, and VLDL-C were significantly elevated, with oral exposure producing stronger effects at later time points. HDL-C initially increased at 30 days but was markedly reduced by 90 days (p < 0.001), particularly in the inhalation group. TG levels remained largely unchanged across groups. Conclusion: Chronic dichlorvos exposure disrupts glucose and lipid metabolism, promoting a pro-atherogenic lipid profile and sustained hypoglycemia, thereby increasing the risk of cardiometabolic disorders. These findings raise concerns over the health risks of prolonged pesticide exposure and highlight the need for stricter regulation and safer alternatives.