Malaria is a significant global health issue, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. The disease, caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted via female Anopheles mosquitoes, leads to severe complications including alterations in glucose metabolism. This review examines the bidirectional relationship between malaria and glucose levels, highlighting how Plasmodium infection can induce hypoglycemia due to increased glucose consumption by the parasite, and, in severe cases, cause hyperglycemia through stress responses and insulin resistance. Furthermore, individuals with pre-existing diabetes are at higher risk of complications such as ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic states during malaria infections. Understanding the influence of glucose metabolism on malaria pathogenesis and patient outcomes can improve treatment strategies, particularly for managing severe cases. Regular monitoring of glucose levels is essential for reducing mortality, especially in vulnerable groups such as children and pregnant women. Identifying glucose-related biomarkers for complications may help enhance malaria prognosis and management..
